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OIL SPILLAGE
IN NIGERIA'S NIGER DELTA
PSYCHO-MORPHOLOGICAL & EMPIRICAL OVERVIEW
PRIMARY AUTHORS/RESEARCHERS:
CHIEF M. L. EFERE
DR. PROSPER AYAWEI
5.1 Phobic Disorders (Agoraphobic)
Table 5.1.a. Agoraphobic Disposition Investigation (SHELL Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 122 | 91.0 | 12 | 9.0 |
| 2 | Women | 132 | 94.0 | 9 | 6.0 |
| 3 | Men | 47 | 94.0 | 3 | 6.0 |
| TOTAL | 311 | 93.0 | 24 | 7.0 |
From the available data in the first table, it is observed that three hundred and eleven persons or 93.0% sampled amongst whom were the youths, women and men in the affected areas, invariably were highly Agoraphobic - having intensive fear of loneliness, abandonment and negligence through MULTI-NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES politicks and deliberate insinuation of Government, so as to evade appropriate compensation to the affected communities.
While twenty four or 7.0% out of the total number of persons sampled
were of the view that the age long abandoned Niger Delta region is on the
verge of an unspeakable break through by the mercies of God, even though
the MULTI-NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES and their collaborator's jackboots, their
bones and spirits crunch, forced into sweat, tears and sudden slush, that
hopefully their proud dumped mouths will soon be answered by nature through
their wordless supplications.
Table 5.1.b Agoraphobic Disposition Investigation (Texaco Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 168 | 88.4 | 22 | 11.6 |
| 2 | Women | 67 | 80.0 | 18 | 20.0 |
| 3 | Men | 47 | 85.5 | 8 | 14.5 |
| TOTAL | 282 | 85.5 | 48 | 14.5 |
From the findings of the Texaco victims, a total percentage of 85.5
were positive with dangerous agoraphobic disposition while 14.5 percentage
were evident with negative dispositions.
Table 5.2.a Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(SHELL Spill Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 118 | 88.0 | 16 | 12.0 |
| 2 | Women | 109 | 77.0 | 32 | 23.0 |
| 3 | Men | 47 | 94.0 | 3 | 6.0 |
| TOTAL | 274 | 84.0 | 51 | 16.0 |
Available data in table 5.2a. indicate that about 274 out
of the 325 total sampled victims were positive with Acute post Traumatic
stress disorders while only about 51 were tough enough to weather the shocking
events of the dehumanization and deliberate sidelining of the Niger Delta
people by the MULTINATIONAL OIL COMPANIES (SHELL) and allied for several
years.
Table 5.2.b Post Traumatic Stress Disorder(Texaco Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 172 | 90.0 | 18 | 9.5 |
| 2 | Women | 70 | 82.0 | 15 | 18.0 |
| 3 | Men | 45 | 82.0 | 10 | 18.0 |
| TOTAL | 287 | 87.0 | 43 | 13.0 |
From table 5.2b, it is indicated that 287 persons with the percentage
of 87.0 were positively evident of post traumatic stress disorder while
13.0 percentage resulting to 83 persons of the total victims sampled were
negative of these phenomenon.
Table 5.3a. Obsession - Compulsive Stress Disorder (SHELL Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 34 | 9.0 | 100 | 75.5 |
| 2 | Women | 20 | 6.0 | 121 | 86.0 |
| 3 | Men | 20 | 6.0 | 30 | 6.0 |
| TOTAL | 74 | 23.0 | 251 | 77.0 |
The data 5.3a depicts that 251 = 77.0% indicates a negative result
which 74 = 23.0% showed positive.
Table 5.3b. Obsession - Compulsive Stress Disorder(Texaco Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 34 | 9.0 | 100 | 75.5 |
| 2 | Women | 20 | 6.0 | 121 | 86.0 |
| 3 | Men | 20 | 6.0 | 30 | 6.0 |
| TOTAL | 74 | 23.0 | 251 | 77.0 |
Table 5.4a. Somato - Form Stress Disorders(SHELL Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 100 | 75.0 | 34 | 9.0 |
| 2 | Women | 121 | 86.0 | 86 | 20.0 |
| 3 | Men | 30 | 60.0 | 60 | 20.0 |
| TOTAL | 251 | 77.0 | 74 | 77.0 |
The available data in the above table show that out of the 352 youths,
women and men sampled as high as 77% or 251 persons were actually found
to be experiencing at least one of the several Somato-form stress disorders.
Table 5.4b. Somato - Form Stress Disorders(Texaco Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 188 | 99.0 | 2 | 1.0 |
| 2 | Women | 78 | 82.0 | 7 | 18.0 |
| 3 | Men | 54 | 98.0 | 1 | 2.0 |
| TOTAL | 320 | 97.0 | 10 | 3.0 |
Table 5.5a Affective Stress Disorder(SHELL Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 97 | 72.0 | 37 | 20.0 |
| 2 | Women | 96 | 68.0 | 45 | 32.0 |
| 3 | Men | 26 | 52.0 | 24 | 48.0 |
| TOTAL | 219 | 67.0 | 106 | 33.0 |
Table 5.5b Affective Stress Disorder(Texaco Spills Victims)
S/No RESULTS
Positive Negative
| N | % | N | % | ||
| 1 | Youths | 180 | 95.0 | 10 | 5.0 |
| 2 | Women | 57 | 67.0 | 285 | 33.0 |
| 3 | Men | 50 | 91.0 | 5 | 9.0 |
| TOTAL | 287 | 87.0 | 43 | 13.0 |
Out of the 330 persons sampled, 287 or 87.0% showed a marked degree of psychological mal-adjustment in the affective, cognitive and psycho-motive domain while 13.0% showed a remarkable degree of negatively unconcerned and impacted attitude as a denial of the realities on the ground.
By our research, we clearly noticed in most villages that the damage
caused by the MULTI-NATIONAL OIL COMPANIES repeated oil spills on the ecological
system of the Niger Delta, has caused serious stressing among victims.
The youths were the highly stressed and restive, seconded by the women
and thirdly by the men.