In all places we went, samples were taken from soil and water and there was a thorough test, but because of the purpose of this report, we shall highlight only that of Erema in Rivers State and Oil Spill on the impacted communities of Akwa Ibom State. The effects of the crude on the impacted victims were enormous as was verified by our biochemical analysis of water and soil sampling from six different points around well 6,7 & 8 Erema location and that of Mobil spill on the people of Ibeno, Eket, Onna, Ekeffe town, Ikot Iba, Warrife, Ikot Ndo, Ibianga Ikot Ekon and Etok Nkwo communities.

Samples of water and soil were collected from each of the different points forthnightly and analysed in the laboratory with the following variables amongst other field investigation that were carried out.

7.2 Bio-Physico Chemical Parameters

1. Dissolved Oxygen
2. Carbon Dioxide level
3. pH
4. Hydrocarbon (Petroleum) content of soil (refer)

7.3 Water Test

 Water samples were collected at 6 different locations within the impacted area and tested which revealed the following results:

7.4 Dissolved Oxygen

The dissolved oxygen content in the samples analysed shows a very small amount of oxygen, which makes survival of aquatic life extremely impossible.

Date

A                =     1st Test Results 15th July - 29th July 1998

B                =      2nd Test Results 30th July - 12th August 1998

C               =      3rd Tests Results 13th August - 27th August 1998.
 

MEASUREMENTS WERE MADE IN MG/LITRE
 
 

A	0.5	0.4	0.4	0.6	0.6	0.8
B	0.4	0.8	0.8	0.7	0.5	0.6
C	0.6	1.0	1.0	0.6	0.7	0.2

?A	=	3.7	?B	=	3.7	?C	=	4.1
T		3.7	+	3.7	+	4.1	=	11.5
C		=		(11.5)²    18		=		7.35
y²ij		=	(0.5)²  +	(0.4)²  +	(.0.8)²  +	(0.6)²  +	(0.6)²  +	(0.8)²
			+ (0.4)² +	(0.8)²   +	(0.7)²  +	(0.7)² +	(0.5)²  +	(0.6)²
			+(0.6)²  +	(1.0)²   +	(1.0)²   +	(.0.6)² +	(.0.7)² +	(0.2)²
		=	0.25        +	0.16     +	0.64    +	0.36      +	0.36     +	0.64
			+ 0.16   +	0.64     +	0.49    +	0.49      +	0.25     +	0.36
			+  0.36   +	1.00    +	1.00    +	0.36      +	0.49     +	0.04
		=	8.05
SST		=	8.05	-	7.35	=	0.70

?Ti²     n	=	(3.7)² + (3.7)² +  (4.1)²                   6	=	44.19         6
	=	7.37

SS (Tr)	=	7.37	-	7.35	=	0.02
SSE	=	0.70	-	0.02	=	0.68
K - 1	=	2
K (n-1)	=	3 (6 - 1)	=	15
nk - 1	=	18 - 1	=	17
Ms (Tr)	=	0.02    2	=	0.01
MSE	=	0.68   17	=	0.04
F	=	Ms(Tr )    MSE	=	0.01 0.04	=	0.25

F value is satisfactory even at 6% confidence level.
 

7.5 Carbon Dioxide levels

All Measurements  are in ppm
 
 

A		96	72	60	48	64	56
B		72	88	68	56	50
C		66	56	80	69	56	64
?A	=	396	?B	=	406	?C	=	391
T	=	1193
C	=	(1193)²      18	=	79,069.4
?y²ij	=	(96)²     +	(72)²     +	(60)²     +	(48)²     +	(64)²      +	(56)²     +	(72)²       +
		(88)²     +	(68)²     +	(56) ²    +	(50)²     +	(72)²      +	(66)²     +	(56)²       +
		(80)²    +	(69)²     +	(56)²     +	(64)²
	=	9216      +	5184      +	3600     +	2304      +	4096      +	3136      +	5184       +
		7964      +	4624      +	3136      +	2500      +	5184      +	4356      +	6400       +
		4761      +	3136      +	4096
	=	82,013
SST	=	82,013	-	79064.4	=	2,943.6

?Ti²   n	=	(396)²  + (406)² + (391)²                 6
	=	156,816 + 164,836 + 152,881                      6	=	474,533        6
	=	79,088.8

SS(Tr)	=	79,088.8	-	79,069.4	=	19.4
SSE	=	2,943.6 - 19.4	=	2,924.2
K-1	=	3 - 1	=	2
k(n-1)	=	15
nk - 1	=	17
Ms(Tr)	=	19.4   2	=	9.7
MSE	=	2,924.2       15	=	194.95
F	=	Ms(Tr)   MSE	=	9.70 194.95	=	0.052

This value of F was tested at various confidence levels to be extremely accurate.

 7.6 pH
 

The pH values for the above tests were determined on the basis of average per sample.
 

7.7 Soil Test (Hydrocarbon)

 Soil samples were collected from the impacted area. From every location in which samples were collected, the focus of sampling was top soil and depth of 30cm respectively.
 

7.8 Method of Analysis

 The method used was gravimetric analysis using tetrachloromethane (CCL4) as the solvent.
 
 

                                                      Top Soil (mg/g)                                 30cm Depth Soil mg/g

A	67	68
B	54	72
C	65	83
D	70	45
E	78	70
F	89	-

To determine the F value, an arbitrary variable X is introduced.

 Let top soil   =  X1

 Let 30cm depth soil = X2
 
 

  X1                          X - X1                (X - X1)²                X2                      X - X2                   (X - X2)²

67	3	9	68	-3	9
54	16	256	72	-7	49
65	5	25	83	-18	324
70	0	0	45	20	400
78	-8	64	70	-5	25
89	-	19	361	-	-

 

?X1	=	423		?X2	=	338
Mean	=	70.5		Mean	=	67.6
?(X1 - X1)	=	715		?(X - X2)	=	807
S21	=	?(X - X1)      n-1		S22	=	?(X - X2)      n-1
	=	715 6-1			=	807 5-1
	=	143.00			=	201.75
F	=	143.00 201.75	=	0.71
F	=	0.71

The tabulated F value for V1 = 5 and V2 = 4 is 6.25

 Since Fexpt.< Fcrit [0.71, 6.25], we can conclude that the result are acceptable.